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House of Braganza facts for kids

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Most Serene House of Braganza
Sereníssima Casa de Bragança
Quick facts for kids
Brasao-Brigantina.png
Country: Kingdom of Portugal
Empire of Brazil
Parent House: Portuguese House of Burgundy
by way of the House of Aviz
Titles:
  • Emperor of Brazil
  • King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
  • King of Portugal
  • King of the Algarves
  • United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
  • Prince of Brazil
  • Prince Royal of Portugal
Founder: Afonso, Duke of Braganza
Final Ruler:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves:
João VI (1822)
Kingdom of Portugal:
Manuel II (1910)
Empire of Brazil:
Pedro II (1889)
Current Head: Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Founding Year: 1442
Empire of Brazil:
1889
Ethnicity: Portuguese, Brazilian

The House of Braganza (Portuguese: Casa de Bragança; Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾɐˈɣɐ̃sɐ]), officially the Most Serene House of Braganza (Portuguese: Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), is an important imperial, royal, and noble house (dynasty) of Portuguese origin. It is a branch of the House of Aviz. The House changed from being powerful dukes of Portuguese nobility, to ruling as the monarchs of Portugal and the Algarves, from 1640 to 1910. They were also monarchs of Brazil, from 1815 to 1889. The heir to the Portugese throne was usually given the title of "Duke of Braganza".

History

The House of Braganza was founded in 1442. This is when Afonso, 8th Count of Barcelos, was made Duke of Braganza. Alfonso (Alfonso I) was an illegitimate son of King João I of Portugal, of the House of Aviz. He was made a duke by his nephew, King Afonso V of Portugal. The feudal dukes quickly collected a fortune in properties, titles, and power. By the mid 1600s, the House was the most powerful in all of Portugal. It was also of the greatest houses of Iberia.

The House of Braganza became the reigning house of Brazil, first, when the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves was created in 1815. The United Kingdom lasted until 1822, when the Brazilian Empire became independent from Portugal. The new Brazilian nation was led by Prince Pedro of Braganza, heir to the Portuguese throne, who ruled as Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, as well as King Pedro IV of Portugal. Until 1835, the Portuguese Braganzas were still in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne. The House was deposed (removed) from the Brazilian throne, in 1889, when Brazil was proclaimed a republic.

The House continued to be the house to the Brazilian throne until 1921. This is when Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, died. Her claim passed to her son, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans and Braganza. Thus the House of Orléans-Braganza became the claimant house to the former monarchy of Brazil. Pedro Henrique died in 1981. The current claimant is his eldest son, Prince Luiz.

In Portugal, King Carlos I of Portugal was assassinated in 1908. Also killed in the attack was his eldest son. His younger son, Manuel II, became king. When the Portuguese Republic was established, in 1910, King Manuel II and the rest of the Braganzas went into exile.

Famous members

Images for kids

  • Afonso first Duke of Braganza

    Afonso I, first Duke of Braganza and founder of the House of Braganza

  • D. Isabel de Barcelos (1402-1465) - Genealogia de D. Manuel Pereira, 3.º conde da Feira (1534)

    Isabel of Braganza was the first to intermarry with the royal family, as wife of Infante João, Constable of Portugal.

  • Paço dos Duques 1

    The Palace of the Dukes, in Guimarães, was seat of the House of Braganza from 1420 until Fernando II of Braganza was executed for treason by King João II in 1483.

  • Jaime I Braganca

    Jaime I restored the Braganzas' status after his father's execution and built the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa.

  • D. João de Bragança na Entrada em Tânger (Tapeçarias de Pastrana) (cropped)

    João of Braganza, Marquis of Montemor-o-Novo led the Portuguese conquest of Tangiers in 1472.

  • ConstantinoBraganca

    Constantino of Braganza was Viceroy of Portuguese India & led the 1st Portuguese invasion of Sri Lanka.

  • Portrait of John, Duke of Braganza c. 1630 (The Royal Castle in Warsaw)

    In 1640, John IV of Portugal became the first Braganza to reign as King of Portugal, starting the Portuguese Restoration War.

  • Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England

    Queen Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II of England, credited with introducing the English to tea-drinking, popular with the Portuguese nobility.

  • Queen Maria I of Portugal (1734-1816) in an 18th century painting

    Queen Maria I became the first monarch of Brazil with the creation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1815.

  • Dom João, Príncipe Regente, passando revista às tropas na Azambuja - Domingos Sequeira, 1803

    King-Emperor João VI's children split the Braganzas into 3 branches: the Brazilian Imperial branch, the Portuguese Constitutional branch, and the exiled Miguelist branch.

  • DpedroI-brasil-full

    Emperor-King Pedro I & IV achieved Brazil's independence as Emperor of Brazil & won the Liberal Wars as King of Portugal.

  • Pedro II Admiral Brazil 1870

    Pedro II was the last Emperor of Brazil after the Proclamation of the Republic of Brazil in 1889.

  • Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (cropped)

    Isabel of Braganza, Princess Imperial of Brazil signed the Lei Áurea in 1888, abolishing slavery in Brazil.

  • SMF Manoel II

    Manuel II, last King of Portugal and the last Braganza to rule as a monarch.

  • Jantar dos Conjurados.2008 029 (cropped)

    D. Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, Head of the House of Braganza and recognized pretender to the Crown of Portugal since 1976.

  • Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança

    Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza, Prince Imperial of Brazil and speaker on behalf of his brother Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family since 1981.

  • JoaoIVPortugal

    D. João II of Braganza – The first Braganza King of Portugal as King João IV.

  • Portrait of Dom Pedro, Duke of Bragança - Google Art Project edited

    D. Pedro I of Braganza – The 1st Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal as Emperor-King Pedro I & IV.

  • Sceptre of the Carta Constituicional

    The Sceptre of the Dragon.

  • Lisbon, the Palácio Nacional da Ajuda

    Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon

  • Palacio Belem Lisboa

    Belém Palace, Lisbon

  • Palace Hotel Buçaco

    Buçaco Palace, Buçaco

  • Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis, Porto, Portugal

    Palace of the Carrancas, Porto

  • Vila Viçosa September 2013-5a

    Ducal Palace, Vila Viçosa

  • Guimarães L1180753 (25096871212)

    Palace of the Dukes, Guimarães

  • Palácio das Necessidades 1997 (cropped)

    Necessidades Palace, Lisbon

  • Museu Imperial 03 (cropped)

    Imperial Palace of Petrópolis, Petrópolis

  • Mafra (27595630149) (cropped)

    Mafra National Palace, Mafra

  • Sintra - Palacio da Pena (20332995770) (cropped) (cropped)

    Pena National Palace, Sintra

  • Museu da Quinta

    Paço de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro

  • Neptune's glory (29838154532)

    Palace of Queluz, Sintra

  • Palácio Guanabara exterior

    Guanabara Palace, Rio de Janeiro

  • Pca xv paco imperial (cropped)

    Paço Imperial, Rio de Janeiro

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Casa de Braganza para niños

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