Image: Pennsylvania, colonial and federal - a history, 1608-1903 (1903) (14774330311)

Description: Identifier: pennsylvania03jenk (find matches) Title: Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903 Year: 1903 (1900s) Authors: Jenkins, Howard Malcolm, 1842-1902 Pennsylvania Historical Publishing Association Subjects: Pennsylvania -- History Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Pennsylvania Historical Pub. Association Contributing Library: University of California Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: MSN View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: he binding materialsused in the masonry. There was little improvement in the character of mortar usedbefore the middle of the fifteenth century. Stone and brick con-structions still had to be repointed with new mortar every few-years, and chimneys not infrequently rebuilt. Even at the timementioned the new discovery claimed to have been made by aFrenchman was not of great value. His petition to the king wasbased upon his alleged discovery that the way to make the perfectmortar was to take the lime hot from the kiln and at once incor-porate it with sand and water, instead of letting the lime andsand slake together for months, as was the old practice. Nothingpractical came of this discover^, and so it was not until about thebeginning of the last centurv that the first real progress was made.Then the great Smeaton, builder of the famous Fddystone light-house, facing the problem of erecting his massive foundationsdeep under water, made the discovery of hydraulic cement, or 460 nzsz zszn ^ Text Appearing After Image: 2S les: Henry ?k(artyn Hoyt Teacher; soldier in Civil War and musteredout with rank of brigadier-general; additionallaw judge courts of Luzerne County, 186-;governor, i879-:883 Natural Resources ln-(lraulic limestone mortar. Durirg his mimeroiis experimentslie learned that the theory of the ancients that the harder the hme-stone burned, tlie harder tlie cement, was incorrect. He foundthat the softer stones, those that contained a fair amoiuit of argil-laceous substances, or cla)^, gave better results, and he establishedthe principle that a limestone containing (»ne-fifth to one-fourthresidue when dissolved in hydrochloric acid, would set imderwater. To such stones he ga\e the title of hydraulic limestones,and from the ()rinciple laid d(jwn by him come the two great defi-nitions of what are now known as the natural. and the artificial(Portland) cements of commerce. Smeaton was not a financialgainer through his discovery, and in 1796 James Parker of ChristChurch, Surrey count). England Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
Title: Pennsylvania, colonial and federal - a history, 1608-1903 (1903) (14774330311)
Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14774330311/ Source book page: https://archive.org/stream/pennsylvania03jenk/pennsylvania03jenk#page/n504/mode/1up
Author: Internet Archive Book Images
Permission: At the time of upload, the image license was automatically confirmed using the Flickr API. For more information see Flickr API detail.
Usage Terms: No known copyright restrictions
License: No restrictions
License Link: https://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/
Attribution Required?: No