John I, Duke of Brittany facts for kids
Quick facts for kids John I |
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John represented on a window in Chartres Cathedral
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| Duke of Brittany | |
| Reign | 21 October 1221 – 8 October 1286 |
| Predecessor | Peter I & Alix |
| Successor | John II |
| Regent | Peter I (1221–1237) |
| Earl of Richmond | |
| Reign | 1268 |
| Predecessor | Peter of Savoy |
| Successor | John II |
| Born | c. 1217/1218 |
| Died | 8 October 1286 Château de l'Isle |
| Burial | Prières Abbey |
| Spouse | Blanche of Navarre |
| Issue Among others |
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| House | Dreux |
| Father | Peter I, Duke of Brittany |
| Mother | Alix, Duchess of Brittany |
John I (Breton: Yann, French: Jean; c. 1217/1218 – 8 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1221 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268.
John was the eldest of three children born to Duchess Alix and her husband and jure uxoris co-ruler, Duke Peter I. He became duke upon his mother's death in 1221. His father, who had reigned as duke due to his marriage to Alix, ruled as regent until John reached adulthood. In 1268, Henry III granted the earldom of Richmond to John, and the title continued in his family, through frequent temporary forfeitures and reversions, until 1342.
He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them. He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade in 1270, and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with John I and ending with Duke John III's reign in 1341.
Marriage and issue
In 1236 John married Infanta Blanche, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre. They had the following surviving issue:
- John II, Duke of Brittany (1239–1305), married Beatrice of England and had issue.
- Peter (1241–1268), Lord of Dinan, Hade, Léon, Hennebont and La Roche-Derrien.
- Alix (1243–1288), Dame de Pontarcy; married John of Châtillon, Count of Blois.
- Theobald (1245–1246), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Theobald (1247 – died young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Eleanor (1248 – died young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Nicolas (1249–1251), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
- Robert (1251–1259), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
See also
- Dukes of Brittany family tree
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John I, Duke of Brittany
House of Dreux
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: c. 1217/18 Died: 8 October 1286 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Alix and Peter I |
Duke of Brittany 1221–1286 |
Succeeded by John II |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by Peter of Savoy |
Earl of Richmond 1268 |
Succeeded by John II |
