Jones County, Mississippi facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Jones County
U.S. county
Jones County courthouse in Ellisville
Location within the U.S. state of Mississippi
Mississippi's location within the U.S.
Country	United States
State	Mississippi
Founded	1826
Named for	John Paul Jones
Seat	Laurel and Ellisville
Largest city	Laurel
Area
• Total	700 sq mi (2,000 km2)
• Land	695 sq mi (1,800 km2)
• Water	4.9 sq mi (13 km2)  0.7%
Population  (2010)
• Total	67,761
• Estimate  (2018)	68,461
• Density	97/sq mi (37.4/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	4th

Jones County is in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,246. Its county seats are Laurel and Ellisville.

Jones County is part of the Laurel micropolitan area.

History

Less than a decade after Mississippi became the country's 20th state, settlers organized this area of 700 sq mi (1,800 km²) of pine forests and swamps for a new county in 1826. They named it Jones County after John Paul Jones, the early American Naval hero who rose from humble Scottish origin to military success during the American Revolution.

Ellisville, the county seat, was named for Powhatan Ellis, a member of the Mississippi Legislature who claimed to be a direct descendant of Pocahontas. During the economic hard times in the 1830s and 1840s, there was an exodus of population from Southeast Mississippi, both to western Mississippi and Louisiana in regions opened to white settlement after Indian Removal, and to Texas. The slogan "GTT" ("Gone to Texas") became widely used.

Jones County was in an area of mostly yeomen farmers and lumbermen, as the pine forests, swamp and soil were not easily cultivated for cotton. In 1860, the majority of white residents were not slaveholders. Slaves made up only 12% of the total population in Jones County in 1860, the smallest percentage of any county in the state.

Civil War years

Soon after the election of Abraham Lincoln as United States president in November 1860, slave-owning planters led Mississippi to join South Carolina and secede from the Union in January 1861. These were the two states with the largest holdings of slaves. Other Southern states would follow suit.

As Mississippi debated the secession question, the inhabitants of Jones County voted overwhelmingly for the anti-secessionist John Hathorne Powell, Jr. In comparison to the pro-secessionist J.M. Bayliss, who received 24 votes, Powell received 374. But, at the Secession Convention, Powell voted for secession. Legend has it that, for his vote, he was burned in effigy in Ellisville, the county seat.

The reality is more complicated. The only choices possible at the Secession Convention were voting for immediate secession on the one hand, or for a more cautious, co-operative approach to secession among several Southern states on the other. Powell almost certainly voted for the more conservative approach to secession—the only position available to him that was consistent with the anti-secessionist views of his constituency.

Mississippi’s Declaration of Secession reflected planters’ interests in its first sentence: “Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery…” Jones County had mostly yeoman farmers and cattle herders, who were not slaveholders. They had little use for a war over a “state’s right” to maintain the institution of slavery.

During the American Civil War, Jones County and neighboring counties, especially Covington County to its west, became a haven for Confederate deserters. A number of factors prompted desertions. The lack of food and supplies was demoralizing, while reports of poor conditions back home made the men fear for their families' survival. Small farms deteriorated from neglect as women and children struggled to keep them up. Their limited stores and livestock were often taken by the Confederate tax-in-kind agents, who took excessive amounts of yeoman farmers’ goods. Many residents and soldiers were also outraged over the Confederate government's passing of the Twenty Negro Law, allowing wealthy plantation owners to avoid military service if they owned twenty slaves or more. The Confederate government figured such planters were needed at home to keep the slaves in line and keep up cotton production, which still produced revenue for the government.

Free State of Jones

On October 13, 1863, a band of deserters, from Jones County and adjacent counties, organized to protect the area, from Confederate authorities and the crippling tax collections. The company, led by Newton Knight, formed a separate government, with Unionist leanings, known as the "Free State of Jones" [1], fought a recorded 14 skirmishes with Confederate forces. They also raided Paulding, capturing five wagonloads of corn that had been collected for tax from area farms, which they distributed back among the local population. The company harassed Confederate officials. Deaths believed to be at their hands were reported in 1864 among numerous tax collectors, conscript officers, and other officials.

The governor was informed by the Jones County court clerk that deserters had made tax collections in the county impossible. By the spring of 1864, the Knight company had taken effective control from the Confederate government in the county. The followers of Knight raised an American flag over the courthouse in Ellisville, and sent a letter to Union General William T. Sherman declaring Jones County's independence from the Confederacy. In July 1864, the Natchez Courier reported that Jones County had seceded from the Confederacy.

Scholars have disputed whether the county truly seceded, with some concluding it did not. While there have been numerous attempts to study Knight and his followers, the lack of documentation during and after the war has made him an elusive figure. The rebellion in Jones County has been variously characterized as consisting of local skirmishes to being a full-fledged war of independence. It assumed legendary status among some county residents and Civil War historians, culminating in the release of a 2016 feature film, Free State of Jones. The film is credited as "based on the books The Free State of Jones by Victoria E. Bynum and The State of Jones by Sally Jenkins and John Stauffer".

Post-war years

After the end of the war, Knight joined the Republican Party and was active during Reconstruction. He returned to live in Jasper County, in Soso, Mississippi. He separated from his first wife and in 1875 married Rachel, a former slave, and they had several mixed-race children together. In addition, some of her grown children and his from his first marriage married in turn, with their families forming the basis of a mixed-race community. Before 1870 and after 1880, interracial marriages were officially illegal, but numerous relationships occurred across the state.

Jones County had a history typical of most Mississippi counties after the war, with whites attempting to restore white supremacy by law and intimidation. The KKK and other insurgent groups, such as the Red Shirts, attacked and oppressed freedmen, with the latter group rising in power from 1874. As freedmen were a small minority, white Democrats regained power in the county, and later in the state legislature, bringing an end to Reconstruction. The legislature passed racial segregation laws and in 1890, the state passed a new constitution that effectively disfranchised most blacks, a situation lasting into the late 1960s.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 700 square miles (1,800 km²), of which 695 square miles (1,800 km²) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km²) (0.7%) is water.

Adjacent counties

• Jasper County (north)
• Wayne County (east)
• Perry County (southeast)
• Forrest County (southwest)
• Covington County (west)
• Smith County (northwest)

National protected area

• De Soto National Forest (part)

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 67,246 people, 24,178 households, and 16,729 families residing in the county.

Transportation

Major highways

• Interstate 59
• U.S. Highway 11
• U.S. Highway 84
• Mississippi Highway 15
• Mississippi Highway 28
• Mississippi Highway 29

Airport

Hattiesburg-Laurel Regional Airport is located in an unincorporated area in the county, near Moselle.

Communities

Cities

• Ellisville
• Laurel

Towns

• Sandersville
• Soso

Census-designated place

• Sharon

Unincorporated communities

• Eastabuchie
• Errata
• Moselle
• Ovett
• Sand Hill
• Shady Grove
• Whitfield

Economy

The economy of Jones County is still primarily rural and based on resources – timber and agriculture.

According to the Economic Development Authority of Jones County, the top employers in the county are:

Notable people

• Lance Bass, singer with NSYNC
• Ralph Boston, Olympic track and field medalist
• Jason Campbell, retired National Football League quarterback
• Mary Elizabeth Ellis-Day, actress
• Carroll Gartin, lieutenant governor of Mississippi
• Newton Knight, farmer and opponent of secession and slavery, a Confederate deserter who led a guerrilla rebellion against local Confederate officials as the leader of the Knight Company and Jones County Scouts; he was a US Marshal and a leading Republican figure in the Reconstruction of Mississippi
• Jill Collen Jefferson, human rights lawyer
• Tom Lester, actor played Eb on Green Acres
• Amos McLemore, schoolteacher, Methodist pastor, businessman, and one-time opponent of Southern secession from the Union; commissioned as a Confederate officer at the rank of major; he was reputedly assassinated by Newton Knight
• Charles W. Pickering, retired Federal Circuit Judge who served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
• Parker Posey, actress
• Leontyne Price, operatic soprano
• James Street, author
• Ray Walston, actor My Favorite Martian

See also

In Spanish: Condado de Jones (Misisipi) para niños