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Lidiya Petrovna Tseraskaya née Shelekhova (Russian: Лидия Петровна Цераская) (1855–1931) was a Russian astronomer.

Tseraskaya was born in Astrakhan, and graduated from the Teacher's Institute in Petersberg. She worked at the Moscow Observatory, where she discovered 219 variable stars; among them (1905) RV Tauri variable and recognized its uniqueness. The Venusian crater Tseraskaya was named after her. Her academic papers were published as "W. Ceraski".

Tseraskaya was married to Vitold Tserasky (1849–1925), also known as Vitol'd Karlovic Tseraskiy, who was Professor of Astronomy as Moscow University and director at the Moscow Observatory (105), after whom asteroid 807 Ceraskia and lunar crater Tseraskiy were named.

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