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List of cacao diseases facts for kids

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Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases
Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Agalla de la corona (6896084714)
Stripe Pectobacterium carotovorum
Brassica oleracea with Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (03)

Fungal diseases

Fungal and Oomycete diseases
Anthracnose Glomerella cingulata
Armillaria root rot Armillaria mellea
Black pod disease

Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora heveae
Phytophthora megakarya
Phytophthora palmivora

Black root

Rosellinia bunodes
Rosellinia pepo

Brown root Phellinus noxius
Canker

Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora palmivora
Ceratocystis fimbriata

Ceratocystis wilt

Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
Ceratocystis moniliformis
Ceratocystis paradoxa

Collar crack

Armillariella mellea
Armillariella tabescens

Collar rot Ustulina deusta
Cushion gall (green-point gall)

Nectria rigidiuscula
= Fusarium decemcellulare

Dieback Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome
Frosty pod Moniliophthora roreri
Horse hair blight Crinipellis sarmentosa
Lasiodiplodia pod rot

Lasiodiplodia theobromae
= Botryodiplodia theobromae

Leaf anthracnose Colletotrichum spp.
Macrophoma pod rot Macrophoma spp.
Moniliophthora pod rot Moniliophthora roreri
Phytophthora pod rot

Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora hevae
Phytophthora megakarya
Phytophthora palmivora

Pink disease Erythricium salmonicolor
Sudden death

Verticillium dahliae
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris

Thread blight Ceratobasidium koleroga
Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) Trachysphaera fructigena
Vascular streak dieback Oncobasidium theobromae
Violet root rot

Nectria mauritiicola
= Sphaerostilbe repens

Wet root rot Ganoderma philippii
White root rot

Rigidoporus microporus
= Rigidoporus lignosus

White thread Marasmiellus scandens
Witch's broom Moniliophthora perniciosa

Miscellaneous diseases

Miscellaneous diseases
Algal disease Cephaleuros virescens
Cephaleuros virescens (2372468252)
Cherelle wilt Physiological, no specific pathogen involved

Insect pests

  • Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
  • Bathycoelia thalassina - West Africa
  • Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
  • Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America

Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic
Awl nematode Dolichodorus spp.
Cyst nematode Heterodera spp.
Heterodera avenae at Triticum aestivum (06)
Dagger nematode Xiphinema spp.
Xiphinema oxycaudatum (10.3897-zookeys.894.35281) Figure 2
Lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp.
Pratylenchus coffeae
Reniform nematode Rotylenchulus spp.
Two reniform nematodes
Ring nematode Hoplolaimus spp.
Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.
Meloidogyne incognita galls (01)
Spiral nematode Helicotylenchus spp.
Helicotylenchus-dihystera-females-light-microscope-photographs-a-Infected-Ficus
Stubby root nematode Trichodorus spp.
Trichodorus

Parasitic plants

Mistletoes
Dendrophthora spp.
Dendrophthora Sp
Loranthus spp.
Loranthus europaeus sl3
Oryctanthus spp.
Loranthus occidentalis L., Aublet s.n. MNHN P-P00662816
Phoradendron spp.
Phoradendron juniperinum 1
Phthirusa spp.
Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Phthirusa ovata (2)
Tapinanthus spp.
Tapinanthus rubromarginatus, blomme, b, Waterberg

Viral and viroid diseases

Viral and viroid diseases
Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV)
Cocoa Swollen Shoot Stem symptom
Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV)
Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV)
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