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Lloydminster
City
City of Lloydminster
An aerial view of Lloydminster City Hall looking north along the Alberta / Saskatchewan border
An aerial view of Lloydminster City Hall looking north along the Alberta / Saskatchewan border
Flag of Lloydminster
Flag
Official seal of Lloydminster
Logo
Nickname(s): 
"Border City" or "Canada's Border City", "Heavy Oil Capital of Canada"
Boundaries of Lloydminster
Boundaries of Lloydminster
Location in Alberta and Saskatchewan
Location in Alberta and Saskatchewan
Country Canada
Provinces Alberta (AB)
Saskatchewan (SK)
Regions Central Alberta,
West Central Saskatchewan
Census divisions 10 (AB), 17 (SK)
Adjacent municipal district County of Vermilion River
Adjacent rural municipalities RM of Wilton No. 472
RM of Britannia No. 502
Incorporated  
 • Village (SK) November 25, 1903
 • Village (AB) July 6, 1906
 • Town (SK) April 1, 1907
 • Amalgamation May 22, 1930
 • City January 1, 1958
Area
 (2021)
 • Land 42.04 km2 (16.23 sq mi)
Elevation
645 m (2,116 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total 31,582
 – 19,739 (AB)
 – 11,843 (SK)
 • Density 751.2/km2 (1,946/sq mi)
 • Municipal census (2015)
31,377
 – 19,740 (AB)
 – 11,637 (SK)
Time zone UTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Forward sortation areas
T9V (AB), S9V (SK)
Area code(s) 780, 587, 825, 368 (AB)
306, 639 (SK)

Lloydminster is a Canadian city which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.

History

BarrColonists
Barr colonists 1903

Intended to be an exclusively British Utopian settlement centred on the idea of sobriety, the town was founded in 1903 by the Barr Colonists, who came directly from the United Kingdom. At a time when the area was still part of the North-West Territories, the town was located astride the Fourth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey. This meridian was intended to coincide with 110° west longitude, although the imperfect surveying methods of the time led to the surveyed meridian being placed a few hundred meters west of this longitude.

The town was named for George Lloyd (Anglican Bishop of Saskatchewan), a strong opponent of non-British immigration to Canada. During a nearly disastrous immigration journey, which was badly planned and conducted, he distinguished himself with the colonists and replaced the Barr Colony's leader and namesake Isaac Montgomery Barr during the colonists' journey to the eventual townsite.

The town developed rapidly: by 1904 there was a telegraph office as well as a log church; in 1905 the Lloydminster Daily Times started publication and the first train arrived on July 28.

While provincehood of some sort for the prairie territories was seen as inevitable by 1903, it had been widely expected that only one province would eventually be created instead of two. The colonists were not aware of the federal government's deep-rooted opposition to the creation of a single province and thus had no way of knowing that the Fourth Meridian was under consideration as a future provincial boundary. Had they known, it is very unlikely they would have sited the new settlement on the future border.

When the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905, the Fourth Meridian was selected as the border, bisecting the town. Caught by surprise, Lloydminster residents petitioned for the new border to be revised so as to encompass the entire town within Saskatchewan, without success.

For the next quarter century, Lloydminster remained two separate towns with two separate municipal administrations. Finally, in 1930 the provincial governments agreed to amalgamate the towns into a single town under shared jurisdiction. The provinces, again jointly, reincorporated Lloydminster as a city in 1958.

Commemorating Lloydminster's distinctive bi-provincial status, a monument consisting of four 100-foot survey markers was erected in 1994 near the city's downtown core.

Although the majority of Lloydminster's population once lived in Saskatchewan, that ratio has long since been reversed; in the Canada 2011 Census, nearly two-thirds of the city's population lived in Alberta. In 2000, the city hall and municipal offices were re-located from Saskatchewan to Alberta.

Since Lloydminster's founders were attempting to create a utopian, temperate society, alcohol was not available in Lloydminster for the first few years after its founding.

Geography

The provincial border runs north to south, falling directly on 50th Avenue (Meridian Avenue) in the centre of Lloydminster. Addresses east of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan and addresses west of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Alberta. The city is bordered by the County of Vermilion River, Alberta, on the west, the Rural Municipality (R.M.) of Britannia No. 502, Saskatchewan, on the northeast and the R.M. of Wilton No. 472, Saskatchewan, on the southeast.

Lloydminster's distinctive situation is reflected in other legal matters, including its time zone. Most of Saskatchewan does not observe daylight saving time, instead staying on Central Standard Time year-round. However, Alberta mandates daylight saving time. Lloydminster's charter allows the city to follow Alberta's use of daylight saving time on both sides of the provincial border in order to keep all clocks within the city in sync. This has the effect of placing Lloydminster and the surrounding area in the Mountain Time Zone along with Alberta. During the summer, the entire province is on UTC−06:00—Mountain Daylight Time in Lloydminster and Central Standard Time in the rest of the province. During the winter, Lloydminster is on Mountain Standard Time with the rest of Alberta, which is UTC−07:00.

The provincial line divides the city in two aspects related to communications. Telephones on the Saskatchewan side are assigned to area codes 306 and 639, the two area codes assigned to that province, while land lines on the Alberta side have numbers in the 780 and 587 area codes, the two area codes assigned to northern Alberta. Similarly, Saskatchewan addresses have a postal code with a forward sortation area designation (first three characters) of "S9V", and addresses in Alberta have postal codes beginning with "T9V". All postal codes in Canada beginning with the letter "S" are assigned to Saskatchewan, and those beginning with "T" belong to Alberta.

Lloydminster was not exempted from recent anti-smoking legislation passed by Saskatchewan's legislature. Citizens responded by initiating a referendum against the wishes of the mayor, as permitted in the charter, which resulted in the enactment of a city-wide anti-smoking bylaw. The matter was made a moot point when Alberta enacted its own anti-smoking legislation, which was the solution that the mayor and council preferred.

Climate

Lloydminster experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), which approaches a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) due to May and September being only marginally above 10 °C or 50 °F. Winters are long, cold and dry, while summers are short, warm and moderately wet. Year-round precipitation is fairly low, with an average of 408 millimetres or 16.06 inches, whilst the dry winters restrict snowfall to 0.98 metres or 38.6 inches.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Lloydminster was 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) on 12 July 2002. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −50.0 °C (−58 °F) on 13 January 1911.

Climate data for Lloydminster Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1904–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 10.4 8.2 18.6 27.1 34.7 39.0 42.5 38.4 32.8 26.5 16.3 9.5 42.5
Record high °C (°F) 10.6
(51.1)
12.8
(55.0)
18.6
(65.5)
32.8
(91.0)
36.7
(98.1)
37.8
(100.0)
38.1
(100.6)
37.4
(99.3)
35.0
(95.0)
28.9
(84.0)
19.5
(67.1)
10.0
(50.0)
38.1
(100.6)
Average high °C (°F) −9.6
(14.7)
−6.9
(19.6)
−1.0
(30.2)
9.9
(49.8)
16.7
(62.1)
20.7
(69.3)
23.1
(73.6)
22.4
(72.3)
16.5
(61.7)
9.1
(48.4)
−2.6
(27.3)
−7.9
(17.8)
7.5
(45.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.3
(6.3)
−11.7
(10.9)
−5.6
(21.9)
4.0
(39.2)
10.1
(50.2)
14.6
(58.3)
17.0
(62.6)
15.9
(60.6)
10.3
(50.5)
3.4
(38.1)
−6.8
(19.8)
−12.5
(9.5)
2.0
(35.6)
Average low °C (°F) −18.9
(−2.0)
−16.6
(2.1)
−10.3
(13.5)
−2.0
(28.4)
3.5
(38.3)
8.5
(47.3)
10.8
(51.4)
9.3
(48.7)
4.0
(39.2)
−2.3
(27.9)
−11.0
(12.2)
−17.0
(1.4)
−3.5
(25.7)
Record low °C (°F) −50.0
(−58.0)
−48.3
(−54.9)
−36.7
(−34.1)
−28.9
(−20.0)
−16.7
(1.9)
−6.7
(19.9)
−3.3
(26.1)
−5.0
(23.0)
−13.9
(7.0)
−24.0
(−11.2)
−34.4
(−29.9)
−46.7
(−52.1)
−50.0
(−58.0)
Record low wind chill −54.6 −54.5 −49.8 −30.3 −15.7 −4.9 0.0 −6.1 −14.7 −35.8 −50.9 −54.0 −54.6
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15.8
(0.62)
9.8
(0.39)
14.4
(0.57)
26.3
(1.04)
44.6
(1.76)
70.6
(2.78)
75.3
(2.96)
59.9
(2.36)
42.3
(1.67)
17.8
(0.70)
17.6
(0.69)
14.4
(0.57)
408.8
(16.09)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.4
(0.02)
0.2
(0.01)
1.6
(0.06)
13.2
(0.52)
40.8
(1.61)
70.6
(2.78)
75.3
(2.96)
59.7
(2.35)
40.5
(1.59)
11.6
(0.46)
2.3
(0.09)
0.5
(0.02)
316.7
(12.47)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 17.0
(6.7)
9.8
(3.9)
13.4
(5.3)
13.4
(5.3)
4.2
(1.7)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
1.8
(0.7)
6.4
(2.5)
16.7
(6.6)
15.3
(6.0)
98.1
(38.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.7 7.3 8.0 7.6 10.5 13.2 12.2 10.5 9.0 7.1 9.4 9.8 114.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.7 0.1 1.1 4.8 9.9 13.2 12.2 10.5 8.7 4.9 1.3 0.6 68.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 9.4 7.4 7.4 3.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.0 8.7 9.7 51.7
Average relative humidity (%) 74.2 73.0 67.4 48.2 42.4 49.6 53.9 50.2 50.0 54.0 73.3 75.9 59.3
Source: Environment Canada

Demographics

Flags-of-SK-Canada-AB
The flags of Saskatchewan and Alberta flanking the flag of Canada in Lloydminster
Federal census
population history
Year Pop. ±%
1906 519 —    
1911 663 +27.7%
1916 788 +18.9%
1921 755 −4.2%
1926 1,247 +65.2%
1931 1,516 +21.6%
1936 1,420 −6.3%
1941 1,624 +14.4%
1946 1,833 +12.9%
1951 3,938 +114.8%
1956 5,077 +28.9%
1961 5,667 +11.6%
1966 7,071 +24.8%
1971 8,691 +22.9%
1976 10,311 +18.6%
1981 15,031 +45.8%
1986 17,356 +15.5%
1991 17,283 −0.4%
1996 18,953 +9.7%
2001 20,988 +10.7%
2006 24,028 +14.5%
2011 27,804 +15.7%
2016 31,410 +13.0%
Source: Statistics Canada

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,739 living in 7,636 of its 8,530 total private dwellings, a change of 0.5% from its 2016 population of 19,645. With a land area of 23.98 km2 (9.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 823.1/km2 (2,132/sq mi) in 2021. The Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,843 living in 4,443 of its 5,002 total private dwellings, a change of 0.7% from its 2016 population of 11,765. With a land area of 18.06 km2 (6.97 sq mi), it had a population density of 655.8/km2 (1,699/sq mi) in 2016. Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of 31,582 living in 12,079 of its 13532 total private dwellings, a change of 0.5% from its 2016 population of 31,410. With a land area of 42.04 km2 (16.23 sq mi), it had a population density of 751.2/km2 (1,946/sq mi) in 2016.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,645 living in 7,444 of its 8,444 total private dwellings, a change of 8.9% from its 2011 population of 18,032. With a land area of 24.04 km2 (9.28 sq mi), it had a population density of 817.2/km2 (2,117/sq mi) in 2016. Meanwhile, the Saskatchewan portion of Lloydminster had a population of 11,765 living in 4,392 of its 4,909 total private dwellings, a change of 20.4% from its 2011 population of 9,772. With a land area of 18.28 km2 (7.06 sq mi), it had a population density of 643.6/km2 (1,667/sq mi) in 2016. Overall, the entire City of Lloydminster had a population of 31,410 living in 11,836 of its 13,353 total private dwellings in the 2016 Census of Population, a change of 13% from its 2011 population of 27,804. With a land area of 42.32 km2 (16.34 sq mi), it had a population density of 742.2/km2 (1,922/sq mi) in 2016.

The City of Lloydminster's 2015 municipal census counted a population of 31,377, a change of -0.3% from its 2013 municipal census population of 31,483. Of the 31,377 residents, 19,740 (63%) lived on the Alberta side and 11,637 (37%) lived on the Saskatchewan side.

There are substantial demographic differences between the populations on each side of the border, with the population on the Saskatchewan side being substantially younger; the median age on the Saskatchewan side is 26.6, nearly seven years less than the median age of 33.2 on the Alberta side. Even when combining the median ages for both sides of the city, Lloydminster has the youngest median age in all of Canada. Also, the specific age group of 20–24 is much more concentrated on the Saskatchewan side. The two sides of the city have virtually identical numbers of people in that age group (1,220 in Saskatchewan, 1,230 in Alberta) even though the total population on the Alberta side is nearly twice that of the Saskatchewan side. This situation has been attributed in part to differential car insurance rates for drivers; because Saskatchewan has a public auto insurance system while Alberta relies on conventional private insurance, young drivers with the highest insurance rates can save thousands of dollars by living in Saskatchewan rather than Alberta.

The census agglomeration of Lloydminster includes both parts of the city, as well as the rural municipality of Wilton No. 472, the town of Lashburn, and the village of Marshall, Saskatchewan.

About 94% of residents identified English as their first language. More than 1.4% of the population identified French as their first language, while 0.8% identified German, 0.7% identified Ukrainian, and 0.5% identified Cree as their first language learned. The next most common languages were Chinese and Spanish at about 0.3% each.

More than 78% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census, while over 18% indicated that they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominations Statistics Canada found that 31% of residents identified as Roman Catholic, and 44% Protestants of which, 18% identified with the United Church of Canada, more than 7% identified as Anglican, about 5% identified as Lutheran, almost 3% identified as Pentecostal, about 2% identified as Baptists, and just over 1% of the population identified as Eastern Orthodox.

More than 8% of residents identified themselves as aboriginal at the time of the 2006 census.

Visible minorities and Aboriginal population
Canada 2016 Census Population  % of Total Population
Visible minority group South Asian 1,125 3.6%
Chinese 145 0.5%
Black 510 1.7%
Filipino 2,440 7.9%
Latin American 165 0.5%
Southeast Asian 190 0.6%
Arab 175 0.6%
West Asian 20 0.1%
Korean 75 0.2%
Japanese 15 0%
Mixed visible minority 100 0.3%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 30 0.1%
Total visible minority population 5,000 16.2%
Aboriginal group First Nations 1,285 4.2%
Métis 1,965 6.4%
Inuit 10 0%
Multiple Aboriginal responses 35 0.1%
Aboriginal, n.i.e. 25 0.1%
Total Aboriginal population 3,315 10.7%
White 22,570 73.1%
Total population 30,885 100%

Attractions

== Sports == -->

Economy

OilAndGasPlaque
Oil and Gas plaque at the Barr Colony Heritage Cultural Centre

The local economy is driven primarily by the petroleum industry. Agriculture remains an important economic activity. The Husky Lloydminster Refinery is also located in the community. An issue in business is the sales tax. The only sales tax applicable in Alberta is the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST). Saskatchewan has, in addition to GST, a provincial sales tax (PST). To ensure that business will not float away from the Saskatchewan side in favour of lower prices in Alberta, PST does not apply in the Saskatchewan side of the city with the exception of hotels, vehicle registration and utility services.

Education

Elementary and secondary schools on both sides of the border all use Saskatchewan's curriculum. Lloydminster provides public and catholic education up to grade 12 as well as post-secondary education through Lakeland College, offering one and two year certificate and diploma programs.

Infrastructure

Transportation

The city is served by Lloydminster Airport. The Yellowhead Highway, (Alberta Highway 16 and Saskatchewan Highway 16) passes through the city from west to east, and Highway 17 (which is considered part of both Alberta's and Saskatchewan's highway system and is maintained by both provinces) travels along the provincial border from south to north.

Notable people

  • Ron Adam - Canadian Football League (CFL) defensive back
  • Colby Armstrong - National Hockey League (NHL) forward
  • Calvin Ayre - Founder of the online gambling company Bodog
  • Garnet "Ace" Bailey - NHL forward, died on United Airlines Flight 175
  • Leon Benoit - Canadian politician
  • Samuel Delbert Clark - sociologist
  • Joan Crockatt - Canadian politician, journalist
  • Cory Cross - NHL defenceman
  • David Dziurzynski - NHL forward
  • Rosemarie Falk - Canadian politician
  • Scott Hartnell - NHL forward
  • Braden Holtby - NHL goaltender
  • Skip Krake - NHL forward who now lives in Lloydminster
  • Clarke MacArthur - NHL forward
  • Lucella MacLean - AAGPBL utility
  • James Hanna McCormick - Northern Irish politician
  • Keith Morrison - journalist, newscaster
  • Wade Redden - NHL defenceman
  • Richard Starke - Canadian politician
  • James Till - biophysicist who helped demonstrate the existence of stem cells
  • Lance Ward - NHL defenceman
  • Tyler Weiman - NHL goaltender
  • Colleen Young - Saskatchewan politician

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Lloydminster para niños

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