Nakhchivan (city) facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Nakhchivan
Naxçıvan
|
||
|---|---|---|
|
City and municipality
|
||
 |
||
|
||
 Nakhchivan
Location in Azerbaijan
|
||
| Country |  Azerbaijan |
|
| Autonomous republic | Nakhchivan | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 15 km2 (6 sq mi) | |
| • Land | 14.2 km2 (5.5 sq mi) | |
| • Water | 0.8 km2 (0.3 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 873 m (2,864 ft) | |
| Population
(2019)
|
||
| • Total | 93,700 | |
| Demonym(s) | Naxçıvanli | |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (GMT+4) | |
Nakhchivan City (also, Nachitschewan, Nakhchyvan, Nakhicevan, Nakhichevan’, and Nakhjavan), is the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. It is 450 km west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan has the city of Nakhchivan and the villages of Başbaşı, Qarağalıq, and Daşduz. Nakhchivan Airport (NAJ) is in the north of the city.
Contents
History
Classical period
Local tradition states that Nakhichevan was founded by Noah after the Flood, and was his place of death and burial. According to Saint Movses Khorenatsi, King Tigranes I of Armenia settled Median prisoners of war at Nakhichevan in the second century BC. Nakhichevan is first mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia as Naxouana (Greek: Ναξουὰνα).
Nakhichevan was destroyed by Shahanshah Shapur II in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran. Emperor Heraclius travelled through the city en route to Atropatene in 623 during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.
Medieval period
The Arab siege of Nakhichevan in 650 led Theodore Rshtuni to conclude a truce. After the rebellion of 703, Muhammad ibn Marwan had the rebel nobles burnt alive in churches in Nakhichevan and Goghtn in 705. Nakhichevan temporarily came under the control of the Kingdom of Armenia in c. 900, but was swiftly taken by Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj. The city was the temporary refuge of Atabeg Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr after his defeat at the Battle of Shamkor in 1195, and Nakhichevan was conquered by the Kingdom of Georgia in 1197.
In 1225, Nakhichevan was ruled by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya, daughter of Atabeg Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan. Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280. The city was conquered by Timur in 1401, but was taken by King George VII of Georgia in 1405.
Modern period
Nakhichevan was conquered by Shahanshah Ismail I in 1503. Shahanshah Abbas I of Persia reconquered Nakhichevan from the Ottoman Empire in 1603–1604.
Nakhichevan was annexed to the Russian Empire per the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. The city became the centre of the Nakhichevansky Uyezd in the Erivan Governorate in 1849. In 1896, Nakhichevan had a population of 7,433, roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians.
After the February Revolution of 1917, a soviet was formed in Nakhichevan, but the city was under the control of the Special Transcaucasian Committee from March to November 1917, and its successor the Transcaucasian Commissariat from November 1917 to March 1918. Turkey occupied Nakhichevan from June until November, after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919, and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhichevan.
It was decided that Nakhichevan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919, and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919. Britain, France, Italy, and the US, with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan, agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D. Daily as General-Governor of Nakhichevan, elections would be held, and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory. However, in March 1920, Turkish forces led by Kâzım Karabekir occupied Nakhichevan.
Soviet Russia took control of Nakhichevan on 28 July 1920, and the city became part of the newly formed Nakhichevan Soviet Socialist Republic. The Treaty of Moscow of 16 March 1921, and later the Treaty of Kars of 21 October 1921, between Russia and Turkey agreed that Nakhichevan would be an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan and delimited its borders with Turkey.
In February 1923, the city formed part of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Krai within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), but later became the capital of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the ASSR in March 1924.
Universities and colleges
Nakchivan is one of the Azerbaijan's main centres of education. Universities here are:
- Nakhchivan State University
- Nakhchivan Private University
- Nakhchivan Teachers Institute
Sports
Football and Futsal are the most popular sports in Nakhchivan. The city's Araz Naxçivan is one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena. They regularly participate in UEFA Futsal Cup.
Images for kids
-
Bahruz Kangarli Nakhchivan
-
Momine Khatun Mausoleum is one of the most recognisable landmarks in Azerbaijan.
-
Nakhchivan International Airport
-
Heydar Aliyev, was the longest serving political leader in Azerbaijan.
-
Huseyn Javid, was the founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature.
-
Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, was an Azerbaijani satirist and writer.
-
Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, was a Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II.
-
Khetcho, Armenian activist, combatant and one of key supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
-
Jamshid Nakhchivanski, was a Russian Imperial, Azerbaijani and Soviet military commander.
-
Alirza Rasizade, educator, revolutionary, statesman (1884–1923)
-
Bahruz Kangarli, the founder of realistic easel painting of Azerbaijan.
-
Rza Tahmasib, film director and actor.
-
Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Emperor.
-
Nazli Najafova, pioneering educator of women and girls.
-
Ali M. Hasanov, served as the National Adviser to the President of Azerbaijan.
-
Agil Mammadov, footballer.
-
Nakhchivan city
-
Palace of Nakhchivan Khans
-
The aerial view of the city 2006
-
Monument for the Azerbaijani language
See also
In Spanish: Najicheván (ciudad) para niños
