Spoonbill facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Spoonbills |
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| Royal spoonbill | |
| Scientific classification | |
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Threskiornithidae
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| Subfamily: |
Plataleinae
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Spoonbills are a group of large, long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, which also includes the Ibises.
All have large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow water, sweeping the partly-opened bill from side to side. The moment any small aquatic creature touches the inside of the bill—an insect, crustacean, or tiny fish—it is snapped shut. Spoonbills generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both environments. They need to feed many hours each day.
Spoonbills are monogamous, but, so far as is known, only for one season at a time. Most species nest in trees or reed-beds, often with ibises or herons.
Description
The spoonbills are most distinct from the ibises in the shape of their bill, which is long and flat and wider at the end. The nostrils are located near the base of the bill so that the bird can breathe while the bill is submerged in water. The eyes are positioned to provide spoonbills with binocular vision, although when foraging tactile senses are important too. Like the ibises the spoonbills have bare patches of skin around the bills and eyes.
Breeding
Spoonbills are monogamous, but, so far as is known, only for one season at a time. Most species nest in trees or reed beds, often with ibises or herons. The male gathers nesting material—mostly sticks and reeds, sometimes taken from an old nest—the female weaves it into a large, shallow bowl or platform which varies in its shape and structural integrity according to species.
The female lays a clutch of about three smooth, oval, white eggs and both parents incubate; chicks hatch one at a time rather than all together. The newly hatched young are blind and cannot care for themselves immediately; both parents feed them by partial regurgitation. Chicks' bills are short and straight, and only gain the characteristic spoonbill shape as they mature. Their feeding continues for a few weeks longer after the family leaves the nest. The primary cause of brood failure appears not to be predation but starvation.
Species and distribution
The six species of spoonbill are distributed over much of the world.
| Species of Platalea | |||
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| Common and binomial names | Image | Description | Range |
| Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) |
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Adults and juveniles are largely white with black outer wing-tips and dark bills and legs. Breeds in reed beds, usually without other species. | This is the most widespread species, which occurs in the northeast of Africa and much of Europe and Asia across to Japan. |
| Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) |
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Closely related to Eurasian Spoonbills. | Found in Taiwan, China, Korea and Japan. |
| African spoonbill (Platalea alba) |
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A large white species similar to Eurasian spoonbill, from which it can be distinguished by its pink face and usually paler bill. Its food includes insects and other small creatures, and it nests in trees, marshes or rocks. | Breeds in Africa and Madagascar |
| Royal spoonbill (Platalea regia) |
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A large white spoonbill with a black face. | Most common in south-east Australia, but regularly found in smaller numbers on other parts of the continent when temporary wetlands form; in New Zealand, particularly the South Island, and sometimes as stragglers in New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands. |
| Yellow-billed spoonbill (Platalea flavipes) |
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A white spoonbill with a yellow colored bill. | Southeast Australia. |
| Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) |
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Adults are large with pink feathers. | South America, the Caribbean, and the Southeastern United States |
See also
In Spanish: Plateinae para niños
